Embodied in every thread, Assamese Gamosa holds a profound place within the heritage of Assamese culture. This piece of fabric is not merely an accessory; it is a living testament to the rich heritage and traditions of Assam. In this exploration of the brief history of Assamese Gamosa, we delve into the intricate history, cultural symbolism, and versatile functions of the Gamosa, bringing to light its timeless significance and glory.
History of Assamese Gamosa: The Roots
The roots of the Assamese Gamosa reach deep into the historical richness of the region. Though its precise origins remain elusive, historical records hint that the Alpines may have been the pioneers in embracing this cultural icon. During the reign of Ahom King Syo-Ka-Pha, the use of Gamosa with red 'Anchu' as headgear became a prominent feature, marking its early presence in Assamese history. A few researchers also relate Assamese Gamosa's origin to China and Thailand.
According to the prominent Assamese scholar and one of the founders of Guwahati University, Dr. Birinchi Kumar Baruah, Gamosa is known as 'Angabastra' which originated from the term 'Angocha' meaning Gamosa.
Mrs. S. R. Ward, in her book "Glimpses of Assam" published in 1884, mentioned in the chapter 'Manners & Customs' that the Gamosa is something used by men to carry their Tamul-Paan (betel-leaf and its adjuncts) tied in the corners and is a homespun cloth with a border and fringe at the end.
(ভাষাৰ ওজা) Hemchandra Barua, another eminent Assamese laureate, believed the origin of the word Gamosa was derived from the Sanskrit word 'Gatro-Marjoni' which means a piece of fabric to absorb water or to wipe the body after taking a bath, and also to use as a headgear and some time to keep beetle nuts.
Symbolism and Usage:
The red color used in a Gamosa is known as 'Anchu' and carries symbolic weight, originally derived from the Morinda Angustifolia plant, representing confidence and strength.
Gamosa with its prominent red color also denotes bravery and courage, and that's why historical interpretation suggests that Assamese warriors always used Gamosa as headgear or waist gear during any battle. Through historical conflicts like the Mughal and Maan invasions, Assamese soldiers displayed extraordinary bravery, with the Gamusa emerging as a symbol of their strength. The red color, synonymous with confidence and resilience, echoes the spirit of the Assamese people in times of adversity.
Cultural Functions:
Assamese Gamosa is more than a piece of fabric; it is an integral part of Assamese cultural functions. From Satras and temples during Guru Mans to Nam prasang, and Bihu festivals to wedding ceremonies, the Gamosa plays an important role. It is a tool for fostering a sense of belongingness among the Assamese people. The exquisite craftsmanship displayed in the creation of 'Bhomoka Phulia Gamosa' stands as a testament to the skilled hands of Assamese weavers.
The Art of Weaving:
The weaving process of the Assamese Gamosa involves intricate hand-woven patterns, and while its exact origin remains uncertain, historical records hint at possible Chinese/Thai influences on weaving techniques. Cotton yarn, chosen for its absorbent qualities, becomes a crucial component, ideal for tasks such as body wipes after a bath or carrying essentials during festivals like Bihu.
The Assamese Gamosa is more than a cultural artifact; it is a dynamic expression of Assam's history and traditions. Woven into the fabric of rituals, ceremonies, and everyday life, the Gamosa stands as a testament to the enduring spirit of Assamese culture. The history of Assamese Gamosa as we tried to depict in this post serves as a gateway to the rich heritage encapsulated within the folds of the Gamosa, offering a glimpse into the cultural tapestry of Assam.